The first thing to know is what type of stone you are dealing with.
Natural stone is classified into two general categories based on its composition, which is siliceous stone or calcareous stone. Knowing the difference is essential when selecting the right cleaning products and techniques.
Siliceous stone is mainly composed of silica or quartz-like particles. It is likely to be very strong and relatively easy to clean with mild acidic cleaning agents. Different types of siliceous stone include granite, slate, sandstone, quartzite, brownstone, and bluestone.
Limestone is mainly composed of calcium carbonate. It is not suitable for the use of acidic cleaning agents and regularly requires different cleaning methods than its siliceous cousin. Different types of limestone include marble, travertine, limestone, and onyx. The fact that a product works on silica stone does not mean that it is suitable for calcareous surfaces.
How can you tell the difference between the 2
A simple acid sensitivity test can be performed to separate whether a particular stone is calcareous or siliceous. What is needed is about 4 oz. of a 10% solution of muriatic acid and an eyedropper. You can also use homemade vinegar and an eyedropper. Because this test can permanently damage the stone, select an area that is infrequently seen or used as a corner under a cabinet and is a reasonable distance from the mortar joint. Apply a couple of drops of the solution to the surface of the stone in an area about one inch in diameter. If the stone is calcareous, the solution will begin to bubble and/or bubble vigorously. If there is little or no reaction, the stone is most likely siliceous. Clean area thoroughly with clean water and dry. However, this test may not be effective if stone sealers or polishes have been used. If you know that a sealer has been used, cut a small piece of stone and apply the solution to the broken surface. Adequate head and body protection is necessary when using acid.
A polished stone has a shiny surface that reflects light and emphasizes the color and markings of the material. This type of finish is usually used on walls, furniture countertops, and tiles.
A polished finish is a smooth surface with very little reflection of light. A polished finish is used where heavy traffic will wear away the polished finish in areas such as floors and sills. A polished finish can also be used on furniture and other surfaces.
A flamed finish is recognized as a rough textured surface often used on granite tile.
If a stain is found on any stone surface, do not wipe as this will spread the stain. Rinse the area with a mild detergent and water, then dry thoroughly with a soft cloth. If the stain remains, check to see what type of stain it is, oil-based, organic, metallic such as rust, biological such as fungus, ink, paint, water, fire, heat or smoke stains, etch marks or scratches and nicks and use a proper cleaning method. .
